KSU Memorial Stadium Green 1xbet online casino
Description
The East Memorial Stadium Green Roof and West Memorial Stadium Green Roof are two large, steeply sloped green 1xbet online casino atop the World War I Memorial Stadium at Kansas State University. The 1xbet online casino encompass approximately 0.4 hectares combined — or 43,000 square feet total— and were installed with an aim to protect the structural integrity of the rooftops by limiting the number of visitors on the stadium seating. In 2016, the green 1xbet online casino became the focus of research for K-State faculty and students with the aim of understanding how they perform and how to support their management. Lee Skabelund and Lekhon Alam completed an LAF K-State case study investigation in 2020-2021.
Design and Installation
These 1xbet online casino are semi-intensive green 1xbet online casino with sandy substrates — the sandy soil or growing media — laid at depths of 5 to 6 inches over insulated, steeply sloped surfaces, which are typically 20-22 degrees or 36-40 percent. Green roof substrates are held in place by a durable plastic geo-web system, which is secured to the upper part of each roof via stainless steel cables attached to eye-bolts at the top of each green roof. The east roof substrate consists of expanded shale to reduce its weight. They were both seeded and planted with mostly species native to the Flint Hills ecoregion.A total of26 plant species were planted on the west roof and 21 plant species were planted on the east roof.
1xbet online casino Intentions and Findings
The green 1xbet online casino have become the focus of performance-based research for several K-State faculty and students. Research intentions related to the East and West Memorial Stadium Green 1xbet online casino are: 1) to track vegetation changes 2) to evaluate soil moisture and guide irrigation inputsrequired as a supplement toprecipitation, and 3) to determine whether the green 1xbet online casino support butterflies.
Vegetation
Vegetation studies along eight 100-foot transects were carried out to document the species richness and dominance in late June 2016 and late June 2017. Seeded and planted native Kansas species, such as blue — and/or hairy — grama and stiff goldenrod among others, were dominant on the west 1xbet online casino in 2016. Foxtail, prairie dropseed and Louisiana sagewort were the dominant species on the east 1xbet online casino . In 2017, the west 1xbet online casino showed a dominance of native species such as blue — and/or hairy — grama and stiff goldenrod, whereas foxtail and upright prairie coneflower were some of the dominant species on the east 1xbet online casino . The east 1xbet online casino also had an abundance of agricultural weeds such as foxtail and tall fescue.
Frequent irrigation is required to sustain the plants on the green 1xbet online casino . The east roof was typically irrigated three times per day during summer 2016, while the west roof was irrigated twice daily during the same time frame. With the help of the soil moisture sensors and maturation of vegetation, irrigation was reduced to once every one to four days during summer 2017 for each green roof, depending on soil moisture readings and weather conditions.
Soil Moisture
To help monitor soil moisture, nine soil moisture and temperature sensors, two EM-50G datalogger and a solar radiation pyranometer were installed on each 1xbet online casino in June 2016. Because of the steep slopes of each 1xbet online casino , we are trying to see whether precipitation is accumulating at the bottom of the 1xbet online casino and requiring less irrigation than the top of the 1xbet online casino . Soil moisture levels of selected rain events between July 2016 and May 2017 were analyzed. Our preliminary results indicated that it is best to apply irrigation as uniform as possible across the 1xbet online casino to ensure that the plants at each level of the 1xbet online casino are receiving the same amounts of water.
Butterflies
This butterfly research evaluated whether a green roof in an urban context can be discovered and used by butterflies by comparing butterfly communities of the Memorial Stadium Green 1xbet online casino to those in urban native prairie at Warner Park and protected tallgrass at Konza Prairie Biological Station near Manhattan, Kansas. The project objectives were to address two primary questions: 1) to what extent do the 1xbet online casino support butterfly communities in comparison to nearby native prairie, and 2) how do the plants growing on the roof influence the number and types of butterflies that use the roof?
Butterflies were selected for study because they are indicator species of quality pollinator habitat. In other words, if butterflies are present, other pollinators will likely be present, too. With significant recent declines of pollinators and increased urbanization, it is important to see whether green 1xbet online casino can help reduce the biodiversity loss we are currently experiencing. Considerable research is available from other parts of the world studying butterflies on green 1xbet online casino , as well as studies in the tallgrass prairie of butterflies on native and reconstructed vegetation. However, research of butterfly communities of green 1xbet online casino representing tallgrass prairie is limited. This project helps fill this gap. For more on this research see Pam Blackmore's MLA thesis.
