1xbet online casino Diagnostic Guide: Troubleshooting Kansas Lawn Problems
Home Lawns, Athletic Fields, and General 1xbet online casino
Ned Tisserat, Steve Keeley, and Rodney St. John
Department of Plant Pathology and Division of Horticulture Kansas State University
Some lawn problems are relatively simple to diagnose, while others are more complex and 1xbet online casino require a specialist, or a laboratory analysis. The diagnostic process involves asking the pertinent questions, making appropriate observations, and knowing what to expect on each species during the course of the year. This guide is designed to help turfgrass managers in this process. Problems are grouped based on the season in which they occur, so that the range of possibilities is narrowed as much as possible. The guide is intended primarily for those involved in the care and management of home lawns, athletic fields, commercial grounds and parks; therefore, it does not include problems that occur primarily on bentgrass putting greens. However, the golf course manager should find it helpful for diagnosing problems occurring on tees, fairways, and roughs.
Keep in mind that two or more problems may be present concurrently in a turfgrass stand. For example, poor watering practices during the summer can cause drought stress, which may predispose the 1xbet online casino to certain diseases or make it more susceptible to insect damage. Always try to determine the underlying cause of a lawn's problem(s); sometimes chemical controls are necessary, but in many cases an adjustment in cultural practices can prevent or minimize future problems.
Note: Unless otherwise noted in the descriptions below, assume the problem can occur on all turfgrass species grown for lawn use in Kansas.
Problems appearing in winter to very early spring
Irregular patterns or streaks in 1xbet online casino
- Bleached or dead grass, usually all grass in affected area is killed (damage 1xbet online casino not be apparent until spring)........WINTER DESICCATION
- New 1xbet online casino bleached or yellow after sudden temperature shift........SPRING FROST
- Emerging 1xbet online casino develop silver tinge; often under trees; resembles winter dessication
- Orange-legged mites hide in thatch during sunny periods; primarily a problem of cool-season grasses........WINTER GRAIN MITE
- Damage concentrated within 6 feet of sunny sides of buildings, trees, and shrubs; dark green mites with reddish legs often observed crawling up sides of buildings; primarily a problem of cool-season grasses........CLOVER MITE
Circular patches scattered in 1xbet online casino
1xbet online casino 2-12 inches, often with pink color at margin........PINK SNOW MOLD
Problems appearing in early to mid-spring and/or in the fall
Irregular to roughly uniform patterns in 1xbet online casino (not patches), fungal growth evident (mycelium, spores, etc.)
- Powdery white growth on 1xbet online casino surface, 1xbet online casino yellowing, most common on Kentucky bluegrass........POWDERY MILDEW
- 1xbet online casino yellow, thin, gray to black sooty stripes on leaves, leaves tend to split and curl back, most common on Kentucky bluegrass, may occur on ryegrass, bermudagrass, buffalograss........1xbet online casino SMUT, STRIPE SMUT, OTHER SMUTS
- 1xbet online casino yellow, leaves with yellow, red or brown pustules........RUST
- Pink to red fungal growth on 1xbet online casino surface........PINK PATCH / RED THREAD
Irregular to roughly uniform patterns in 1xbet online casino with no fungal growth evident (mycelium, spores, etc.)
- Leaf spots distinct with sharp margins, purple to black initially, 1xbet online casino have gray to white centers, but usually with purple to black margins; yellow halo surrounding leaf and crown lesions; primarily affects ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass........MELTING OUT
- Leaf spotting irregular, more of a blotching or necrotic mottling, small black fruiting bodies evident in lesions, more common on older 1xbet online casino ........ASCHOCHYTA / SEPTORIA 1xbet online casino SPOT
Circular patches in 1xbet online casino
- Rings up to 20 feet or more in diameter, often with outer ring of dark grass, grass in ring 1xbet online casino be killed........FAIRY RING
- 1xbet online casino up to 20 feet or more in diameter in zoysiagrass; 1xbet online casino develop in fall and reappear in spring (April, May), margins of 1xbet online casino develop bright orange color, irregular lesions with brown margins visible on lower leaf sheaths and crowns........RHIZOCTONIA LARGE PATCH
- Patches or rings in bermudagrass as 1xbet online casino breaks winter dormancy; roots discolored black and heavily rotted, patches reappear in same location each year........SPRING DEAD SPOT
Problems appearing in late spring to early summer
Irregular patterns in 1xbet online casino , fungal growth evident (same as described under "II.A")
Irregular patterns in 1xbet online casino , no fungal gr; few to no lesions visible on leaves; 1xbet online casino may pull up easily from crown
- Leaves often "clipped" off at ground level; silk-lined tunnels 1xbet online casino be visible; green frass (droppings) in or near the tunnels........SOD WEBWORM
- 1xbet online casino often "clipped" off at ground level; no silk-lined tunnels........CUTWORM
- Torn, ragged appearance to 1xbet online casino from foliar feeding........ARMYWORM
Irregular patterns in 1xbet online casino , no fungal growth evident; many lesions evident on leaves; 1xbet online casino may not pull up easily from crown
Leaf spots distinct with sharp margins, purple to black initially, 1xbet online casino have gray to white centers, but usually with purple to black margins, yellow halo surrounding leaf and crown lesions; mainly affects Kentucky bluegrass, bermudagrass, and ryegrass........BIPOLARIS AND DRECHSLERA 1xbet online
Circular patches in 1xbet online casino
- 1xbet online casino 2-6 inches in diameter; leaf lesions bleached light tan to white and bordered by dark brown to purple margins; lesions typically appear in the middle portion of leaf........DOLLAR SPOT
- 1xbet online casino 2-6 inches in diameter, gray, yellow or pink fungal mass on the surface of the foliage, washes off easily and is not attached to leaves........SLIME MOLD
Problems appearing in early to mid-summer
Irregular patterns in 1xbet online casino ; 1xbet online casino may pull up easily from crown or root
- Spotty 1xbet online casino of yellowing to dead grass; masses offine, sawdust-like frass visible near the crown of plants; the legless grubs initially feed inside the stem, so they are not visible; as they mature, they leave the stem and feed externally near the crown; Kentucky bluegrass and zoysiagrass primarily affected........BILLBUG GRUB
- Spotty patches of yellowing to dead grass; 1xbet online casino root system severed, 1xbet online casino pull up if infestation severe; raster (last abdominal segment of grub) with two rows of fine hairs........"THREE YEAR" WHITE GRUBS (1xbet online casino BEE
Irregular patterns in 1xbet online casino ; 1xbet online casino does not pull up easily from crown or root
1xbet online casino turning bluish-gray and wilting; footprints remain visible in lawn for several minutes after walking across lawn; in advanced stages the lawn turns brown, going dormant........DROUGHT STRESS
Problems appearing in mid- to late summer
Irregular patterns (not distinct patches) in 1xbet online casino ; few to no lesions visible on leaves; 1xbet online casino may pull up easily from crown or root
- Leaves often "clipped" off at ground level; silk-lined tunnels 1xbet online casino be visible; green frass (droppings) in or near the tunnels........SOD WEBWORM.
- 1xbet online casino often "clipped" off at ground level; no silk-lined tunnels........CUTWORM. Torn, ragged appearance to 1xbet online casino from foliar feeding........ARMYWORM.
- Spotty patches of yellowing to dead grass; 1xbet online casino root system severed, 1xbet online casino pull up if infestation severe:
- raster (last abdominal segment of grub) with two rows of fine hairs........"THREE YEAR" WHITE GRUBS (1xbet online casino BEETLE/JUNE BUG)
- raster with scattered hairs (not in rows)........ANNUAL WHITE GRUB (CHAFER)
- Turfgrass turns yellow, then dies during hot, dry periods; damage 1xbet online casino resemble drought injury; thorough inspection of the crown area and the soil surface reveals numerous red nymphs, along with larger dark-colored nymphs and adults; primarily found on zoysiagrass and buffalograss, less frequently on bluegrass and bermuda........CHINCH BUG.
Irregular patterns (not distinct patches) in 1xbet online casino ; few to no lesions visible on leaves; 1xbet online casino does not pull up easily from crown or root
1xbet online casino turning bluish-gray and wilting; footprints remain visible in lawn for several minutes after walking across lawn; in advanced stages the lawn turns brown, going dormant........DROUGHT STRESS.
Irregular patterns (not distinct patches) in 1xbet online casino ; many lesions evident on leaves
Lesions gray to brown with brown or purple margin; primarily late summer and early fall; large areas 1xbet online casino die rapidly; ryegrass only........GRAY 1xbet online
Roughly circular 1xbet online casino
- Spots about 1-3 inches, developing rapidly; 1xbet online casino initially copper-colored, eventually matted and tan; white cottony growth sometimes associated with spots; primarily a ryegrass disease........PYTHIUM BLIGHT.
- Spots one to several feet in diameter, developing rapidly during hot, humid weather; 1xbet online casino blades bleached with lesions often bordered by; margins often have purple appearance; most common on tall fescue and ryegrass........RHIZOCTONIA BROWN PATCH.
- Rings up to 20 feet or more in diameter, often with outer ring of dark grass, grass in ring 1xbet online casino be killed........FAIRY RING.
- Frogeye type 1xbet online casino 1-2 feet in diameter on Kentucky bluegrass and annual bluegrass; 1xbet online casino initially have yellow or red margins; roots discolored black with ectotrophic hyphae on surface of roots........SUMMER PATCH
Other causes of poor 1xbet online casino appearing at various times in the year (not necessarily related to temperature)
Gradual thinning and yellowing of 1xbet online casino ; no consistent lesions, 1xbet online casino does not pull up easily from crown or root, etc.
- Soil with black layer, sulfur odor........BLACK LAYER. 1xbet online casino yellowish; no black layer:
- Younger 1xbet online casino turn yellow first; veins on leaf remain dark while interveinal areas are yellow, causing a banded appearance; when viewing the lawn from a distance, the yellowing appears in a mottled fashion; most common on soils with pH of greater than 7.2; Kentucky bluegrass and zoysia grass most susceptible........IRON DEFICIENCY
- Older 1xbet online casino turn yellow first; large areas of the lawn appear more-or-less uniformly yellow; soil pH not a factor........NITROGEN DEFICIENCY
- 1xbet online casino growing under trees or along north side of building........EXCESSIVE SHADE.
- General yellowing, thinning, roots stunted and root tips appear "club-like" (especially where dinitroaniline or other preemergence herbicides have been used)........CHEMICAL INJURY.
- Other possible causes of general yellowing and thinning that can be confirmed by inspecting a soil core........SILTING / LAYERING, EXCESSIVE THATCH, SOIL COMPACTION, EXCESSIVE WATER
1xbet online casino suddenly appears scorched
- Distinct streaks or bands of damaged 1xbet online casino ........FERTILIZER / PESTICIDE BURN.
- Small patches (one foot in diameter or less) of completely dead 1xbet online casino with stimulated growth at the edges........DOG INJURY.
- Localized areas of droughty 1xbet online casino , sometimes occurring in distinct patterns (rectangles, circles, etc.)........BURIED OBJECT / HARD PAN.
- 1xbet online casino appears uniformly dull and has a whitish cast when viewed from a distance; leaf tips tan and shredded........DULL MOWER BLADE
1xbet online casino bare or thin, usually in shaded areas
- Green to brown scum on soil surface; later with black crust forming........ALGAE.
- Green moss on soil........MOSS.
