Safeguarding U.S. 1xbet online games login : Kansas State University researchers staying ahead of 1xbet online games login blast disease
Thursday, Feb. 11, 2016
Kansas State University researchers, led by Barbara Valent, university distinguished professor of plant pathology, are working hard to keep 1xbet online games login blast disease from devastating the U.S. 1xbet online games login crop.| Download this photo.
MANHATTAN — In the past seven years, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has awarded Kansas State University .5 million to keep a 1xbet online games login fungus that has had a devastating impact on 1xbet online games login production in South America out of the United States.
So far, mission accomplished.
But the 1xbet online games login 's Barbara Valent, who has led a project that includes field and laboratory trials in four countries, concedes that good science has combined with a little bit of luck to keep 1xbet online games login blast, which is caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, from infecting U.S. fields.
Valent, a 1xbet online games login distinguished professor of plant pathology, said that the fungus thrives in warm, wet environments like that found in Bolivia and Brazil, where growers have struggled with the disease for more than two decades.
Those conditions came together in Kentucky in 2011, however, when a single 1xbet online games login head was infected with 1xbet online games login blast. It's the only known incident of the fungus being found in a U.S. 1xbet online games login crop, and a very clear warning that the country's farm fields aren't safe from the threat.
"What we do know is that the Kentucky 1xbet online games login was not imported from South America; it's a native strain," Valent said. "We have this turfgrass disease called gray leaf spot that's caused by the same 1xbet online games login , although it's a different host-adapted form of the 1xbet online games login .
"This turfgrass pathogen is very closely related to the 1xbet online games login blast strains in South America. A good percentage of the turfgrass strains are capable of infecting 1xbet online games login but the climate in the U.S. is just not quite right during the 1xbet online games login growing season."
Valent and her colleagues are studying the disease at the Biosecurity Research Institute, a biosafety-level 3 and biosafety level 3-ag facility in Pat Roberts Hall at Kansas State 1xbet online games login .
"We are working on basic understanding of how this fungus affects plants, and searching for new sources of resistance," Valent said. "We've succeeded in finding a resistance gene called 2NS. Breeders have been using a piece of a chromosome from wild 1xbet online games login that has provided rust resistance and nematode resistance. Our good luck was to find that it also provides some resistance to 1xbet online games login blast."
But the 1xbet online games login is a constantly moving target, she said.
"This 1xbet online games login is notorious for being able to overcome resistance," Valent said. "We need more resistance genes and that's what we're focused on now. It's a safety backup; some of the 1xbet online games login in South America already is able to overcome the 2NS gene."
The group of researchers includes more than a half dozen from Kansas State University plus scientists from six other universities, the U.S. government and agricultural agencies in Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. They have also tested fungicide and seed treatments, and developed diagnostic tools to clearly identify 1xbet online games login blast.
"We've expanded our capacity and developed good collaboration for field tests in South America," Valent said. "Farmers in South America want to know about resistance, they need resistance. They are going to use the things we are finding. Ultimately, the best way to keep this disease from spreading is to control it in South America."
The extension publication "Identifying 1xbet online games login Diseases Affecting Heads and Grain" provides agricultural specialists and farmers needed information to identify 1xbet online games login blast if it occurs in U.S. fields. So far, 32,500 copies of this publication have been distributed in 29 states and Canada.
Valent's website, k-state.edu/wheatblast, also is routinely updated with information about the disease.
Kansas State University's 1xbet online games login blast research is funded by USDA's National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Recent research on this project was published online in the academic journal Crop Science in January 2016.
