Source: Debra 1xbet sports betting , 785-532-0802, deburnet@k-state.edu
Audio examples available: http://bit.ly/v7tisa and http://bit.ly/uOsz6s
Audio files can be streamed or downloaded by right clicking and selecting the "save as" option.
Related news: Reading study a pitch-perfect research project for sarcasm and sincerity
http://kstatenews.org/?p=6510
News release prepared by: Greg Tammen, 785-532-4486, gtammen@k-state.edu
Wednesday, Dec. 7, 2011
Oh the irony: For children, some 1xbet sports betting comments can be lost in translation
MANHATTAN -- It turns out irony and sarcasm are completely lost on youth. Yeah, right.
A Kansas State University speech-language pathologist is finding that even though children at the age of 6 may recognize a comment as 1xbet sports betting , realizing when the words are meant to soothe or sear in a situation may be just the opposite.
Debra Burnett, an assistant professor of family studies and human services, is looking at how children recognize and interpret irony, particularly sarcasm. She has found that children recognize and understand 1xbet sports betting comments better when the comments that are used are conventional. Her findings could help children recognize and understand sarcasm better, as well as help better convey social meanings to children with language impairment or who are on the autism spectrum.
"Irony is one of the times when people aren't directly saying what they're thinking," 1xbet sports betting said. "As a listener you're trying to understand what someone means, and that requires a little bit of extra work cognitively and linguistically. Sarcasm, though, is one of the only instances where there is a mismatch between the words that are being used and what is really meant. For young kids, that's an odd concept."
Studies show that around age 6, children begin to understand that there is another meaning to what is being said, according to Burnett. But what is relatively unexplored is how the frequent use of certain 1xbet sports betting phrases may help kids in recognizing whether a speaker is being 1xbet sports betting or sincere in a situation.
In an ongoing study that tests this, Burnett is reading a series of short situations to 6-8 year-olds. Each story is accompanied by illustrations and features a gender-neutral character named Pat. Each also ends with one of two 1xbet sports betting comments. The comment is either specific to the situation that Pat is in or is conventional in nature, meaning that it is a word or phrase society uses in a 1xbet sports betting manner more often than in a literal manner. For example, "way to go."
In one of the stories Pat's sister is making cookies and Pat is excited to eat them. But the cookies are burned black after being removed from the oven, creating a negative situation. According to Burnett, people are more likely to be 1xbet sports betting in situations perceived as negative.
After seeing the burned cookies, Pat either tells the sister "nice job" -- a conventional 1xbet sports betting comment -- or "delicious cookies" -- a situation-specific 1xbet sports betting comment.
"1xbet sports betting comments are said in a lower pitch and are drawn out a little more than the rest of our words," Burnett said. "So each comment is read with the same inflection that people make when using sarcasm."
In this instance, the vocal inflection on "nice job" is more slow and dramatic -- seemingly stretching the phrase's pronunciation. An audio example of 1xbet sports betting using different inflections for "nice job" can be heard at http://bit.ly/v7tisa.
To ensure accuracy on her part, Burnett recorded all of the 1xbet sports betting phrases and then played them to independent raters who determined whether the phrases sounded 1xbet sports betting or sincere. Each comment, however, had been digitally filtered so that the enunciation was removed from the phrases. This left only the tone -- or prosody -- of Burnett's voice for raters to listen to. An audio example of the prosody in 1xbet sports betting comments can heard at http://bit.ly/uOsz6s.
After being read the scenario, each child was asked four questions: what Pat meant by "nice job" or "delicious cookies" -- depending on which was used; how Pat felt in the scenario; why Pat said the comment; and whether Pat wanted to make the sister feel good or bad.
Burnett found that children, regardless of age and gender, recognized the conventional comment of "nice job" as being 1xbet sports betting significantly more than the situational comment of "delicious cookies." This reinforces that when used conventionally rather than situationally, children who are learning English can recognize an ironic statement and understand what is actually being said.
"For this age range of 6 to 8, I think this data solidifies the idea that it's important for speech therapists and adults to work on conversation and pragmatics in language in order to teach kids these conventional phrases," 1xbet sports betting said. "That way when they encounter them, they understand what is actually being said."
Additionally, 1xbet sports betting has found the same results when testing children who have a language impairment.
1xbet sports betting presented her findings along with a poster at the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's annual convention in late November. The study is funded through a K-State university small research grant.
Another study from 1xbet sports betting that looks at how readers vocalize sarcasm and sincerity in children's books to young listens can be read at http://kstatenews.org/?p=6510.
